Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere ụdị sensọ abụọ a na-eji na oriọna: sensọ infrared na microwave sensọ.
Igwe ọkụ eletrik
Ma infrared ray na microwave bụ nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic. Ụdị dị iche iche nke ikuku electromagnetic dị n'usoro nke ogologo ogologo ma ọ bụ ugboro na ume ka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru:
Ihe mmetụta infrared
● Infrared ray
Infrared ray (IR) bụ ebili mmiri eletrọnịkị nwere ugboro n'etiti ngwa ngwa ngwa na ọkụ a na-ahụ anya. Ọ bụ aha izugbe nke radieshon nwere ugboro nke 0.3THz ~ 400THz na ụdị eletrọnịkị na ogologo ogologo nke 1mm ~ 750nm na oghere. Ọ bụ ọkụ a na-adịghị ahụ anya nke nwere obere ugboro karịa ọkụ uhie.
Enwere ike kewaa ray infrared n'ime akụkụ atọ: Na nso ray infrared (elu ugboro ugboro infrared ray, ike dị elu), na ogologo ogologo (3 ~ 2.5) μ m～ (1 ~ 0.75) μ M; Ọkara infrared ray (ọkara ugboro infrared ray, ike na-agafeghị oke), ogologo ogologo (40 ~ 25) μ m～ (3 ~ 2.5) μ M; Igwe ọkụ infrared dị anya (ụzarị infrared dị ala, ike dị ala), ogologo 1500 μ m～ (40 ~ 25) μ M. Infrared ray (karịsịa Far infrared ray) nwere mmetụta okpomọkụ siri ike. Ọ nwere ike na-emegharị na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ndụ inorganic na organic macromolecules dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ, mee ka mmegharị nke ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a dịkwuo ngwa ma na-ete ibe ha ọnụ, ka ha wee nwee okpomọkụ. Ya mere, infrared ray nwere ike iji kpo oku na molekul spectroscopy. A na-akpọkwa ray infrared dị anya "Terahertz ray" ma ọ bụ "ìhè terahertz" na nyocha sayensị.
Infrared ray nwere mmetụta thermal ma nwee ike ịmegharị ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ irighiri iji gbanwee ike ọkụ (ike nke ebili mmiri electromagnetic) ka ọ bụrụ ume intramolecular (okpomọkụ). A na-ebunye okpomoku nke anyanwụ n'elu ụwa site n'ụzarị infrared.
Na physics, bekee n'elu zuru oke efu (0k, be. - 273.15 ℃) nwere ike na-emepụta infrared ray (na ndị ọzọ ụdị electromagnetic ebili mmiri). Fiziks nke oge a na-akpọ ya radieshon blackbody ( radieshon thermal ).
Infrared ray enweghị ike ịgafe n'ihe ọ bụla na-enweghị isi. Ma ọ na-ebunye ụzarị infrared enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ma enwere ndụ. Ihe ndị nwere ogologo ikuku infrared dị iche iche na-ewepụta okpomọkụ dị iche iche. Ihe kpatara ya bụ ndị a: ọgbọ nke ụzarị infrared bụ
kpatara site na ịma jijiji nke ụmụ irighiri ihe n'elu ihe. Ihe dị iche iche nwere ụda mkpọtụ eke dị iche iche, yabụ ogologo ikuku infrared dị iche.
●Ngwa nke ihe mmetụta infrared na oriọna
Ihe mmetụta infrared dị na oriọna ahụ bụ nke infrared ray detection circuit, infrared ray signal processing circuit, mgbanaka njikwa akara mgbanaka na sekit ọkọnọ ike.
Ihe mmetụta infrared bụ ngwaahịa njikwa akpaka dabere na teknụzụ infrared. Mgbe ahụ mmadụ na-abanye n'ókè nke nghọta, ihe mmetụta pụrụ iche na-achọpụta mgbanwe nke infrared spectrum nke ahụ mmadụ ma ga-agbanye ibu ahụ ozugbo.
N'ozuzu, isi iyi ihe mmetụta infrared nke ngwaahịa ọkụ na-ejikarị akụkụ pyroelectric. Mgbe okpomọkụ radieshon infrared nke ahụ mmadụ gbanwere, akụkụ a ga-atụfu nguzozi ụgwọ wee hapụ ụgwọ ahụ n'èzí. Mgbe achọpụtara sekit na-esote ma hazie ya, ọ nwere ike ịkpalite ihe ngbanwe. Ahụ mmadụ na-enwe okpomọkụ nke ahụ mgbe niile, n'ozuzu ya na ogo 37, ya mere ọ ga-ekupụta ụzarị infrared na ogologo ogologo ogologo nke ihe dịka 10um. Ihe nyocha infrared na-agafe agafe na-arụ ọrụ site n'ịchọpụta ụzarị infrared nke ahụ mmadụ na-ewepụta. Ihe dị ka 10um infrared ray nke ahụ mmadụ na-ewepụta na-elekwasị anya na isi mmalite mmetụta infrared ka oghere Fresnel kwalitechara ya.
Emebere mgba ọkụ ihe mmetụta infrared pụrụ iche maka ahụ mmadụ, nke nwere enyi, dị mma, nchekwa na nchekwa ike, ma gosipụta nlekọta mmadụ. Agbanyeghị, oke nchọta dị obere karịa nke ihe mmetụta microwave. N'otu oge ahụ, ịdị elu dị oke, yana ngwa ngwa mmeghachi omume na-adị nwayọọ karịa nke ihe mmetụta microwave.
Igwe igwe ihe mmetụta
●Microwave
Microwave na-ezo aka na ebili mmiri electromagnetic nwere ugboro nke 300MHz-300GHz. Ọ bụ mkpirisi nke bandwit nwere oke na ebili mmiri redio, ya bụ, ikuku electromagnetic nwere ogologo ogologo n'etiti 1m (ewezuga 1m) na 1mm. Ọ bụ okwu izugbe nke ebili mmiri decimeter, ebili mmiri centimita, ebili mmiri milimita na ebili mmiri submillimeter, nke bụ nke ìhè anaghị ahụ anya. Ugboro ngwa ngwa ngwa dị elu karịa ugboro ikuku redio izugbe, nke a na-akpọkarị "UHF electromagnetic wave". Dị ka ebili mmiri electromagnetic, ngwa ndakwa nri nwekwara akụkụ abụọ nke ebili mmiri.
Duality nke ebili mmiri pụtara na o nwere ma àgwà ebili mmiri na njirimara urughuru. Ọ nwere ike ịga n'ihu dị ka ebili mmiri ma gosipụta njirimara nke irighiri ihe. Ya mere, anyị na-akpọ ya "wave particle duality".
Ihe ndị bụ isi nke ngwa ndakwa nri na-egosipụtakarị njirimara atọ: ntinye, ntụgharị uche na absorption. Maka iko, rọba na poselin, microwaves fọrọ nke nta ka ọ gafee na-etinyeghị uche ya. Maka mmiri na nri, ọ ga-amịkọrọ microwaves wee mee onwe ya ọkụ. Maka ihe metal, ha ga-egosipụta microwaves.
Enwere ike ịghọta ọnụego ntinye ngwa ndakwa nri nke iko, plastik, osisi na poselin dị ka otu ihe ahụ. Ozizi nke ntinye Microwave 2450MHz bụ ihe dịka 6cm. 915MHz bụ 8cm. Oge ntinye bụ nke enweghị atụ.
●Ngwa ngwa ihe mmetụta microwave na oriọna
Ihe mmetụta microwave na-eji ụkpụrụ Doppler na-ebufe ma nata akara ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa dị elu (ịghọta nke ọma mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ihe), ma na-achịkwa ịgbanwuo ma gbanyụọ oriọna ibu site na mmụba mgbaàmà na njirimara ọgụgụ isi nke mmemme microcomputer nke otu mgbawa.
A na-enwetakarị ike Microwave site na DC ma ọ bụ 50Hz AC site na ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche. Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ike imepụta microwave, mana a na-ekekarị ha ụzọ abụọ: ngwaọrụ semiconductor na ngwaọrụ oghere eletrik.
Ihe njikwa ihe mmetụta microwave na-eji eriri micro-mgbanaka nwere ụfọdụ dayameta maka nchọpụta microwave. Antenna ahụ na-ewepụta mpaghara elliptical radius (nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe) oghere oghere ngwa ndakwa nri n'akụkụ axis. Mgbe ahụ mmadụ na-agagharị, nkwughachi nke ọ na-egosipụta na-emetụta mpaghara ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa mbụ (ma ọ bụ ugboro ole) nke ihe njikwa ihe mmetụta microwave zitere wee gbanwee. A na-ejikọta oriọna ihe mmetụta infrared na diode na-ebufe infrared na diode na-anata. Mgbe nchọpụta, mmụba, nhazi, otutu ntụnyere na nhazi oge, waya na-acha ọcha na-emepụta akara njikwa voltaji.
N'ihi njirimara nke ngwa ndakwa nri, ọ nwere nnukwu mfu mgbasa na ikuku na nnyefe dị mkpirikpi, mana ọ nwere ezigbo njem na nnukwu bandwidth na-arụ ọrụ. Na mgbakwunye na teknụzụ ebili mmiri milimita etinyere na nzikọrịta ozi mkpanaka 5G, nnyefe microwave na-abụkarị na ntugharị igwe igwe na ntuziaka wave dielectric. Ihe mmetụta Microwave nwere ike ịchọpụta ihe dị ike ma nwee mpaghara ngwa ngwa.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na mgbakwunye na iwu ụfọdụ dị mkpa dị ka: ụkpụrụ nchekwa, EMC, ụkpụrụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, wdg, enweghị ụkpụrụ ntụaka mmanye maka ọrụ sensọ, ọkachasị anya nghọta na oge ntụgharị, nke na-ezo aka na ụkpụrụ izugbe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. , ma ọ bụ kpee ikpe ma ha na-emezu ihe achọrọ dị ka ụkpụrụ kwekọrịtara n'etiti onye ahịa na onye nrụpụta na ahụmịhe onye ọrụ.
Enwere ike ịhazi ngwaahịa ọkụ niile nke Wellway dịka ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ. Ngwaahịa ndị tozuru etozu gụnyere oriọna na-ekpuchi ihu igwe LED nwere ihe mmetụta, oriọna na-ekpuchi uzuzu na ihe mmetụta, oriọna elu ụlọ LED nwere ihe mmetụta na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-anabata ọnọdụ ihe mmetụta microwave n'ọtụtụ ngwaahịa. Wellyway nwere ụlọ nyocha pụrụ iche maka ịnwale nghọta na anya nke ihe mmetụta microwave iji hụ na ntụkwasị obi na nkwụsi ike nke ogo ngwaahịa. Anyị ji obi ụtọ na-anabata ndị ahịa ileta, ndụmọdụ ụlọ ọrụ anyị ma na-akwado anyị.
(Ụfọdụ foto na-esi na ịntanetị abịa. Ọ bụrụ na enwere mmejọ, biko kpọtụrụ ma hichapụ ya ozugbo)
Oge nzipu: Sep-22-2022