Pakali pano, pali mitundu iwiri ya masensa ntchito nyali: infuraredi sensa ndi mayikirowevu sensa.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi
Onse ma infrared ray ndi ma microwave ndi mafunde a electromagnetic. Ma electromagnetic spectrum a electromagnetic wave amasiyana motengera kutalika kwa mafunde kapena ma frequency ndi mphamvu akuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi motere:
Sensa ya infrared
●Mwala wa infrared
Infrared ray (IR) ndi mafunde a electromagnetic okhala ndi ma frequency pakati pa microwave ndi kuwala kowoneka. Ndilo dzina lambiri la ma radiation omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi 0.3THz ~ 400THz pamagetsi amagetsi komanso kutalika kwa 1mm ~ 750nm mu vacuum. Ndi kuwala kosaoneka ndi mafupipafupi otsika kusiyana ndi kuwala kofiira.
Utali wa infuraredi ukhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: Pafupi ndi infuraredi ray (mawonekedwe apamwamba a infuraredi, mphamvu yayikulu), ndi kutalika kwa mafunde (3 ~ 2.5) μ m～(1~0.75) μ M; Mwala wapakatikati wa infuraredi (wapakati pafupipafupi infuraredi cheza, mphamvu zolimbitsa), kutalika kwa mafunde (40 ~ 25) μ m～(3~2.5) μ M; Kutali kwa infrared ray (otsika pafupipafupi infrared ray, mphamvu yochepa), kutalika kwa 1500 μ m～ (40 ~ 25) μ M. Infrared ray (makamaka Far infrared ray) imakhala ndi mphamvu yotentha kwambiri. Ikhoza kugwirizanitsa ndi mamolekyu ambiri ndi ma macromolecules organic mu zamoyo, imathandizira kuyenda kwa mamolekyuwa ndi kupakana wina ndi mzake, kuti apange kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kuwala kwa infuraredi kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsera ndi kuwonera ma cell. Kutali kwa infrared ray kumatchedwanso "Terahertz ray" kapena "terahertz kuwala" mu kafukufuku wa sayansi.
Mwala wa infrared umakhala ndi mphamvu yotentha ndipo umatha kuyanjana ndi mamolekyu ambiri kuti asinthe mphamvu yowunikira (mphamvu yamagetsi amagetsi) kukhala intramolecular mphamvu (kutentha). Kutentha kwa dzuŵa kumafalikira kwambiri padziko lapansi kudzera mu cheza cha infrared.
Mu fiziki, zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa ziro (0k, be. - 273.15 ℃) zimatha kupanga kuwala kwa infuraredi (ndi mitundu ina ya mafunde a electromagnetic). Fiziki yamakono imachitcha kuti blackbody radiation (thermal radiation).
Kuwala kwa infrared sikungadutse chinthu chilichonse chosawoneka bwino. Kaya imatulutsa kuwala kwa infrared ilibe kanthu kaya pali moyo. Zinthu zokhala ndi ma infrared wavelength osiyanasiyana zimatulutsa kutentha kosiyana. Zifukwa ndi izi: m'badwo wa cheza infuraredi ndi
chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa mamolekyu pamwamba pa zinthu. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi ma frequency osiyanasiyana achilengedwe, kotero mafunde a infrared ndi osiyana.
● Kugwiritsa ntchito sensa ya infrared mu nyali
Sensa ya infrared pa nyali imapangidwa ndi ma infrared ray detector circuit, infrared ray processing circuit, signal output control switch circuit ndi magetsi.
Sensa ya infrared ndi chida chowongolera chodziwikiratu kutengera ukadaulo wa infrared. Thupi la munthu likalowa m'gawo lozindikira, sensa yapadera imazindikira kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a infrared a thupi la munthu ndipo imangoyatsa katunduyo.
Nthawi zambiri, gwero la sensa ya infrared la zinthu zowunikira nthawi zambiri limatenga gawo la pyroelectric. Pamene kutentha kwa ma radiation ya infrared mthupi la munthu kumasintha, gawo ili limataya mphamvu yamagetsi ndikutulutsa kunja. Gawo lotsatira litadziwika ndikukonzedwa, limatha kuyambitsa kusinthana. Thupi la munthu limakhala ndi kutentha kwa thupi kosalekeza, nthawi zambiri pa madigiri 37, kotero limatulutsa kuwala kwa infrared ndi kutalika kwake kwa pafupifupi 10um. The passive infrared probe imagwira ntchito pozindikira kuwala kwa infrared komwe kumapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Pafupifupi 10um infrared ray yotulutsidwa ndi thupi la munthu imayang'ana pa gwero la ma infrared sensor pambuyo polimbikitsidwa ndi lens ya Fresnel.
Infrared sensor switch idapangidwira mwapadera thupi la munthu, lomwe ndi laubwenzi, losavuta, lotetezeka komanso lopulumutsa mphamvu, ndikuwonetsa chisamaliro chamunthu. Komabe, mtundu wodziwikiratu ndi wocheperako kuposa wa sensa ya microwave. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutalika kwake kumakhala kochepa, ndipo liwiro la machitidwe ndilocheperapo kuposa la microwave sensor.
Sensor ya Microwave
● Ma microwave
Microwave imatanthawuza mafunde a electromagnetic ndi ma frequency a 300MHz-300GHz. Ndilo chidule cha bandi yocheperako pawayilesi, ndiko kuti, mafunde a electromagnetic okhala ndi kutalika kwapakati pa 1m (kupatula 1m) ndi 1mm. Ndiwo nthawi yodziwika bwino ya decimeter wave, centimeter wave, millimeter wave ndi submillimeter wave, yomwe ili ya kuwala kosawoneka. Ma frequency a microwave ndi apamwamba kuposa ma frequency wave wave, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "UHF electromagnetic wave". Monga electromagnetic wave, microwave ilinso ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa wave.
Wave-particle duality imatanthauza kuti ili ndi mawonekedwe a mafunde ndi mawonekedwe a tinthu. Imatha kupita patsogolo ngati mafunde ndikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, timachitcha "wave particle duality".
Zofunikira za microwave nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa mikhalidwe itatu: kulowa, kuwunikira komanso kuyamwa. Kwa galasi, pulasitiki ndi porcelain, ma microwave pafupifupi amadutsa popanda kuyamwa. Kwa madzi ndi chakudya, imayamwa ma microwave ndikutentha. Kwa zinthu zachitsulo, iwo amawonetsa ma microwave.
Mlingo wolowera mu microwave wa galasi, pulasitiki, matabwa ndi zadothi zitha kumveka chimodzimodzi. Lingaliro la kulowa kwa 2450MHz Microwave ndi pafupifupi 6cm. 915MHz ndi 8cm. Nthawi yolowera ndi yosafunika.
● Kugwiritsa ntchito microwave sensor mu nyali
Sensa ya microwave imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya Doppler kufalitsa ndikulandila ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri a microwave (kuzindikira bwino kusintha kwa zinthu), ndikuwongolera kuyatsa ndi kuzimitsa nyali kudzera pakukulitsa ma siginecha ndikuzindikiritsa mwanzeru pulogalamu ya single-chip microcomputer.
Mphamvu ya Microwave nthawi zambiri imapezeka ndi DC kapena 50Hz AC kudzera pa chipangizo chapadera. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zomwe zimatha kupanga ma microwave, koma zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zida za semiconductor ndi zida za vacuum yamagetsi.
Wowongolera sensa ya microwave amagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi mainchesi ena kuti azindikire ma microwave. Mlongoti umapanga elliptical radius (yosinthika) malo ochenjeza a microwave mozungulira. Thupi la munthu likamasuntha, echo yomwe imawonetsedwa imasokoneza gawo loyambirira la microwave (kapena pafupipafupi) lomwe limatumizidwa ndi wowongolera sensa ya microwave ndikusintha. Nyali ya infrared sensor imaphatikizidwa ndi diode yotumizira ma infrared ndi diode yolandila. Pambuyo pozindikira, kukulitsa, kupanga, kufananitsa kangapo ndikuchedwa kukonza, waya woyera umatulutsa chizindikiro chowongolera voteji.
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe a mayikirowevu, ali kwambiri kufalitsa imfa mu mpweya ndi lalifupi kufala mtunda, koma ali kuyenda wabwino ndi lalikulu ntchito bandiwifi. Kuphatikiza pa ukadaulo wa millimeter wave womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakulankhulana kwa 5G, ma microwave transmission nthawi zambiri amakhala mu metal waveguide ndi dielectric waveguide. Sensor ya Microwave imatha kuzindikira zinthu zamphamvu ndipo imakhala ndi malo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito.
Pakadali pano, kuwonjezera pa malamulo ena ofunikira monga: malamulo otetezera, EMC, miyezo yoteteza chilengedwe, ndi zina zotero, palibe mfundo zovomerezeka zogwirira ntchito za sensa, makamaka mtunda wozindikira komanso nthawi yowunikira, zomwe zimatanthawuza miyezo yonse yamakampani. , kapena kuweruzidwa ngati akukwaniritsa zofunikira molingana ndi miyezo yomwe amavomerezana pakati pa kasitomala ndi wopanga komanso wogwiritsa ntchito.
Zinthu zonse zowunikira za Wellway zitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe makasitomala amafuna. Zopangira zokhwima zikuphatikiza nyali yotsimikizira nyengo ya LED yokhala ndi sensa, nyali yotsimikizira fumbi ya LED yokhala ndi sensa, nyali yapadenga ya LED yokhala ndi sensa ndi zina zotero. Pakadali pano, mawonekedwe a sensor ya microwave amatengedwa muzinthu zonse. Wellyway ali ndi labotale yapadera yoyesera kukhudzika ndi mtunda wa masensa a microwave kuti atsimikizire kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa. Timalandila makasitomala moona mtima kuyendera, kulangiza fakitale yathu ndikugwirizana nafe.
(Zithunzi zina zimachokera pa intaneti. Ngati pali zophwanya, chonde lemberani ndikuzichotsa nthawi yomweyo)
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-22-2022