Kugeza ubu, hari ubwoko bubiri bwa sensor ikoreshwa mumatara: sensor ya infragre na sensor ya microwave.
Imashanyarazi
Imirasire yumurasire na microwave byombi ni amashanyarazi ya electronique. Ikirangantego cya electromagnetiki yumurongo wa electromagnetic yumurongo wikurikiranya ukurikije uburebure bwumuraba cyangwa inshuro nimbaraga byerekanwe mubishusho nkibi bikurikira:
Rukuruzi
Imirasire yumuriro
Imirasire yimirasire (IR) numuyoboro wa electromagnetic hamwe numurongo uri hagati ya microwave numucyo ugaragara. Nizina rusange ryimirasire hamwe numurongo wa 0.3THz ~ 400THz mumashanyarazi ya electronique hamwe nuburebure bwa 1mm ~ 750nm muri vacuum. Numucyo utagaragara hamwe numurongo muto ugereranije numucyo utukura.
Imirasire yimirasire irashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: Hafi yimirasire yumucyo (imirasire yumurongo mwinshi, ingufu nyinshi), nuburebure bwumuraba (3 ~ 2.5) μ m ～ (1 ~ 0,75) μ M; Urumuri ruciriritse (imishwarara yo hagati ya infragre, ingufu zingana), uburebure bwumuraba (40 ~ 25) μ m ～ (3 ~ 2.5) μ M; Imirasire ya kure (imirasire yumuriro muke, ingufu nke), uburebure bwumuraba 1500 μ m ～ (40 ~ 25) μ M. Imirasire yimirasire (cyane cyane Imirasire ya kure) ifite ingaruka zikomeye zumuriro. Irashobora kumvikana na molekile nyinshi zidasanzwe hamwe na macromolekula kama mu binyabuzima, kwihutisha umuvuduko wa molekile no kuyisiga, kugirango bitange ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, imirasire yimirasire irashobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe hamwe na molekuline ya spekitroscopi. Imirasire ya kure kandi yitwa "Terahertz ray" cyangwa "urumuri rwa terahertz" mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Imirasire yumucyo igira ingaruka zubushyuhe kandi irashobora kumvikana na molekile nyinshi kugirango ihindure ingufu zumucyo (ingufu zumuriro wa electromagnetic) mumbaraga zidasanzwe (ubushyuhe). Ubushyuhe bwizuba bwanduzwa cyane cyane kwisi binyuze mumirasire yimirasire.
Muri fiziki, ibintu biri hejuru ya zeru (0k, be. - 273.15 ℃) birashobora kubyara imirasire yumuriro (nubundi bwoko bwumuriro wa electronique). Fizika igezweho yita imirasire ya blackbody (imirasire yumuriro).
Imirasire yumucyo ntishobora kunyura mubintu byose bidasobanutse. Niba isohora imirasire yimirasire ntaho ihuriye nimba hariho ubuzima. Ibintu bifite uburebure butandukanye bwa infrarafurike itanga ubushyuhe butandukanye. Impamvu nizi zikurikira: ibisekuruza byimirasire yimirasire ni
biterwa no kunyeganyega kwa molekile hejuru yibintu. Ibintu bitandukanye bifite inshuro zidasanzwe zo kunyeganyega, bityo uburebure bwa infragreire buratandukanye.
Gukoresha sensor ya infragre mu itara
Rukuruzi ya infragreur kumatara igizwe numuzunguruko wa infrarafarike, imirasire yumucyo utunganya imirasire, ibyuma bisohora ibyuma bisohora ibyuma byumuriro.
Infrared sensor nigicuruzwa cyikora cyikora gishingiye kubuhanga bwa infragre. Iyo umubiri wumuntu winjiye murwego rwo kumva, sensor idasanzwe imenya ihinduka ryimiterere ya infragre yumubiri wumuntu kandi igahita ifungura umutwaro.
Muri rusange, infrared sensor inkomoko yibicuruzwa bimurika mubisanzwe bifata pyroelectric. Iyo ubushyuhe bwimirasire yumubiri wumubiri wumuntu buhindutse, iki gice kizatakaza uburinganire bwumuriro kandi kirekure amafaranga hanze. Nyuma yumuzunguruko ukurikiraho umaze kumenyekana no gutunganywa, birashobora gukurura ibikorwa. Umubiri wumuntu ufite ubushyuhe bwumubiri burigihe, mubisanzwe kuri dogere 37, bityo bizasohora imirasire yimirasire hamwe nuburebure bwihariye bwa 10um. Ipasi ya pasifike yimikorere ikora mugutahura imirasire yimirasire itangwa numubiri wumuntu. Imirasire igera kuri 10um itangwa numubiri wumuntu yibanda kumasoko ya infragre sensing nyuma yo kuzamurwa ninzira ya Fresnel.
Infrared sensor switch yagenewe byumwihariko kumubiri wumuntu, ni urugwiro, byoroshye, umutekano kandi uzigama ingufu, kandi byerekana ubwitonzi bwabantu. Ariko, urwego rwo gutahura ni ruto kurenza urwa sensor ya microwave. Mugihe kimwe, uburebure ni buke, kandi ibikorwa byihuta byihuta kurenza ibya sensor ya microwave.
Rukuruzi ya Microwave
● Microwave
Microwave bivuga amashanyarazi ya electronique hamwe na 300MHz-300GHz. Ni impfunyapfunyo yumurongo muke wa radiyo, ni ukuvuga, amashanyarazi ya electronique hamwe nuburebure buri hagati ya 1m (ukuyemo 1m) na 1mm. Nijambo rusange ryumurambararo wa decimeter, santimetero ya santimetero, umuraba wa milimetero na submillimeter, ni urumuri rutagaragara. Umuyoboro wa microwave urenze hejuru ya radiyo rusange yumurongo wa radiyo, ubusanzwe bita "UHF electromagnetic wave". Nka electromagnetic yumuraba, microwave nayo ifite ibice byombi.
Umuhengeri-ibice byombi bivuze ko ufite ibiranga umuraba n'ibiranga ibice. Irashobora kugenda imbere nkumuraba no kwerekana ibiranga ibice. Kubwibyo, tuyita "uburinganire bwimyanya ibiri".
Ibintu byibanze bya microwave mubisanzwe byerekana ibintu bitatu biranga: kwinjira, gutekereza no kwinjiza. Kubirahuri, plastike na farufari, microwave hafi ya byose bitanyuze. Ku mazi n'ibiryo, bizakurura microwave kandi bishyushye. Kubintu byicyuma, bizagaragaza microwave.
Igipimo cya microwave yinjira mubirahuri, plastike, ibiti na farufari birashobora kumvikana kimwe. Igitekerezo cya 2450MHz Microwave yinjira ni 6cm. 915MHz ni 8cm. Igihe cyo gucengera ni gito.
Gukoresha sensor ya microwave mumatara
Rukuruzi ya microwave ikoresha ihame rya Doppler mu kohereza no kwakira ibimenyetso bya microwave yumurongo mwinshi (kumenya neza ihinduka ryimikorere yibintu), kandi ikagenzura kuzimya no kuzimya amatara yimizigo binyuze mukwongera ibimenyetso no kumenya ubwenge bwa porogaramu imwe ya chip.
Ingufu za Microwave mubusanzwe ziboneka na DC cyangwa 50Hz AC binyuze mubikoresho bidasanzwe. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibikoresho bishobora kubyara microwave, ariko bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: ibikoresho bya semiconductor nibikoresho bya vacuum.
Igenzura rya microwave ikoresha antenne ya micro-ring ifite diameter runaka kugirango tumenye microwave. Antenne itanga radiyo ya elliptique (ishobora guhinduka) umwanya muto wa microwave imenyesha ahantu hagana. Iyo umubiri wumuntu wimutse, echo igaragazwa nayo ibangamira umurima wa microwave yumwimerere (cyangwa inshuro) yoherejwe na microwave sensor umugenzuzi nimpinduka. Itara rya sensororo itara ryahujwe na diode ya infragre ikwirakwiza na diode yakira. Nyuma yo gutahura, kwongerera imbaraga, gushiraho, kugereranya byinshi no gutinda gutunganya, insinga yera isohora ikimenyetso cyo kugenzura voltage.
Bitewe nibiranga microwave, ifite igihombo kinini cyo gukwirakwira mu kirere nintera ngufi yohereza, ariko ifite umuvuduko mwiza kandi nini nini ikora. Usibye tekinoroji ya milimetero ikoreshwa mubitumanaho bigendanwa 5G, kwanduza microwave ahanini biri mubyuma byuma byuma na dielectric waveguide. Rukuruzi ya Microwave irashobora kumenya ibintu bifite imbaraga kandi ifite ibidukikije bigari.
Kugeza ubu, usibye amategeko amwe n'amwe akenewe nka: amabwiriza y’umutekano, EMC, ibipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije, n’ibindi, nta bipimo ngenderwaho byerekeranye n’imikorere ya sensor, cyane cyane intera yo kumva nigihe cyo gutekereza, bivuga amahame rusange yinganda , cyangwa gusuzuma niba bujuje ibisabwa ukurikije ibipimo byumvikanyweho hagati yumukiriya nuwabikoze hamwe nuburambe bwabakoresha.
Ibicuruzwa byose bimurika bya Wellway birashobora gutegurwa ukurikije ibisabwa nabakiriya. Ibicuruzwa bikuze birimo itara ryirinda ikirere hamwe na sensor, itara ridafite umukungugu LED hamwe na sensor, itara rya LED hejuru ya sensor hamwe nibindi. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwa sensor ya microwave yemewe mubicuruzwa byinshi. Wellyway ifite laboratoire idasanzwe yo gupima ibyiyumvo nintera ya sensororo ya microwave kugirango yizere neza kandi ihamye ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Twishimiye byimazeyo abakiriya gusura, kugisha inama uruganda rwacu no gufatanya natwe.
(Amashusho amwe ava kuri enterineti. Niba hari ihohoterwa, nyamuneka hamagara hanyuma uyisibe ako kanya)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-22-2022