Ubumenyi bwibanze bwa chromatics-2

Ibiranga ibintu biranga sisitemu yo kureba

Sisitemu yo kureba yumuntu ifite ibintu byinshi biranga imyumvire yibara hamwe nibisobanuro byayo, nkibisigara bigaragara, kutumva impinduka zikomeye kumpande, no kumva neza umucyo kuruta ibara.

Mubyukuri, ibara ryose muri kamere rishobora kugenwa namabara atatu yibanze ya R, G na B, bityo RGB igizwe nuburinganire bwibara ryibice bitatu byerekana imiterere, ishobora kubarwa neza na formulaire y'imibare.

Dukurikije imyumvire iranga sisitemu yumuntu yumuntu kugirango ibara ryimihindagurikire yumwanya hamwe nicyitegererezo cyibara ryibara, turashobora gushushanya ubwoko bwubwoko bwose bwibishusho bya data compression algorithms.

Sisitemu igaragara yumuntu

• Byizerwa ko ibara ari ibisubizo byuburyo bwa sisitemu yo kubona urumuri rugaragara.
Retina yumuntu ifite ubwoko butatu bwingirabuzimafatizo zifite sensibilité zitandukanye kumabara atukura, icyatsi nubururu, hamwe ningirabuzimafatizo imeze nkinkoni ikora gusa mumiterere yumuriro muto cyane. Kubwibyo, ibara ribaho mumaso no mubwonko gusa. Ingirabuzimafatizo ntizigira uruhare mugutunganya amashusho ya mudasobwa.
Umucyo ugaragara ni umuyoboro wa electromagnetique ufite uburebure bwa 380 ~ 780nm. Byinshi mumucyo tubona ntabwo ari urumuri rwuburebure bumwe, ahubwo ni ihuriro ryuburebure butandukanye.
Retina yumuntu yumva ibara ryisi yo hanze ikoresheje neuron. Buri neuron yaba ibara ryijimye cyangwa inkoni itumvaIbimenyetso biranga iyerekwa:
- Utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, icyatsi nubururu dufite imyumvire itandukanye yumurongo utandukanye wumucyo nubucyo butandukanye.
- Ibara iryo ari ryo ryose muri kamere rishobora kugenwa nigiteranyo cya R, G na B, bigize umwanya wa gatatu wa RGB ya vector.
- Ibimenyetso biranga iyerekwa:
  Itsinda ryamabara ntangarugero rifite ibara rimwe munsi yizuba cyangwa isoko runaka yumucyo, ariko iyo bishyizwe munsi yandi masoko yumucyo, ibara riratandukanye
  
  Mode Uburyo bw'amabara
  - Uburyo bwa RGB bwongeyeho ibara
  - Uburyo bwo kuvanga amabara ya CMY
  - Uburyo bwa HSB
  - Uburyo bwa laboratoire
  Uburyo bwa RGB
  - Uburyo bwa RGB bushingiye ku kuvanga ihame ryamabara atatu yibanze muri kamere. Amabara yibanze yumutuku, icyatsi nubururu atangwa muri buri gipimo cyibara ukurikije agaciro keza kuva kuri 0 (umukara) kugeza kuri 255 (cyera), kugirango ugaragaze amabara yabo. Iyo amabara yibanze afite umucyo utandukanye avanze, 256 * 256 * 256 ubwoko bwamabara azabyara, hafi miliyoni 16.7. Kurugero, umutuku werurutse urashobora kugira R agaciro ka 246, G agaciro ka 20, na B agaciro ka 50. Iyo indangagaciro zumucyo wamabara atatu yibanze aringana, imvi irabyara; Iyo byose uko ari bitatu bimurika ni 255, byera byera; Iyo indangagaciro zose zifite 0, umukara wera ubyara. Iyo ibara ryakozwe no kuvanga ubwoko butatu bwurumuri rwamabara murirusange kurenza ibara ryumwimerere ryamabara yumucyo, ubwo rero uburyo bwo kubyara ibara muburyo bwa RGB nabwo bwitwa uburyo bwo kongeramo ibara.
  Ubwoko bwa CMYK, buzwi kandi nko gucapa ibara ryuburyo, nuburyo butunganijwe nkuko izina ribigaragaza.
  - Iratandukanye cyane na RGB. Ubwoko bwa RGB nuburyo bwerekana ibara, kandi ibiri kuri ecran birashobora kugaragara mubyumba byijimye
  - CMYK nuburyo bwamabara bushingiye kubitekerezo. Nigute abantu basoma ibiri mubinyamakuru? Ni urumuri rw'izuba cyangwa urumuri rumurikira ikinyamakuru hanyuma bikagaragarira mumaso yacu ko dushobora kubona ibirimo. Irakeneye isoko yumucyo wo hanze. Niba uri mucyumba cyijimye, ntushobora gusoma ibinyamakuru
  - Igihe cyose ishusho yerekanwe kuri ecran igaragazwa muburyo bwa RGB. Igihe cyose ishusho igaragara kubintu byacapwe, ihagarariwe na CMYK. Kurugero, ibinyamakuru, ibinyamakuru, ibinyamakuru, ibyapa, nibindi byacapwe kandi bigatunganywa, nuko rero ni moderi ya CMYK.
  - Bisa na RGB, CMY nintangiriro yizina rya wino eshatu: Cyan, magenta n'umuhondo. K ifata inyuguti yanyuma yumukara. Impamvu idatwara ibaruwa yambere nukwirinda kwitiranya ubururu. Mubyigisho, ubwoko butatu gusa bwa wino ya CMY burahagije. Iyo byongeweho hamwe, bagomba kubona umukara. Ariko, kubera ko ibikorwa byubu byo gukora bidashobora kubyara wino-yera cyane, ibisubizo bya CMY byiyongereye mubyukuri umutuku wijimye, bityo wino idasanzwe yumukara igomba kongerwaho kwiyunga.
  - Iyo C, M, Y na K bivanze mu ibara, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa C, m, Y na K, urumuri rugaragarira amaso yumuntu ruzaba ruto kandi ruke, kandi umucyo wumucyo uzaba hasi kandi munsi. Uburyo bwo kubyara ibara muburyo bwose bwa CMYK nabwo bwitwa gukuramo amabara.
  Uburyo bwa HSB
  
  Uburyo bwa HSB busobanurwa bushingiye ku kureba amabara n'amaso y'abantu. Muri ubu buryo, amabara yose asobanurwa nindabyo, kwiyuzuzamo no kumurika.
  - Indabyo bivuga ibara ryerekanwa kuva cyangwa ryanyujijwe mu kintu. Kuri dogere 0 ~ 360 isanzwe yibara ryibara, hue ipimwa numwanya. Mugukoresha bisanzwe, hue igaragazwa nizina ryibara, nkumutuku, orange, icyatsi, nibindi nibiranga isura.
  - Kwiyuzura bivuga ubukana cyangwa ubuziranenge bwibara, byerekana igipimo cyibice byimyenda muri hue. Byerekanwa na 0% (ibara ryera) - 100% (ibara ryuzuye). Ku ruziga rusanzwe rw'ibara, kwiyuzuza kuva kumwanya wo hagati kugera kumpera bigenda byiyongera.
  - Umucyo ni ugereranije urumuri rwamabara. Ubusanzwe bipimwa na 0% (umukara) - 100% (cyera). Inenge: kubera ubushobozi bwibikoresho, birakenewe guhinduka muburyo bwa RGB mugihe byerekanwe kuri ecran ya mudasobwa hamwe na CMYK mugihe byacapwe. Ibi bigabanya imikoreshereze yuburyo bwa HSB kurwego runaka. Muri CIE XYZ sisitemu, umucyo ugaragazwa nagaciro ka Y, ushobora gupimwa. Byerekanwa nuburemere bwurumuri rwerekanwe cyangwa rwasohotse kuri buri gice. Umucyo upimirwa mubice nka buji kuri metero kare (cd / m2).
  CIE ibisobanuro byumucyo: nigiciro gihuye nuburyo abantu babona sisitemu yo kubona urumuri rwinshi, bigaragazwa na L *.
  
  Uburyo bwa laboratoire
  
  Porotipire yuburyo bwa laboratoire ni igipimo cyo gupima ibara ryashyizweho n’ishyirahamwe rya CIE mu 1931. Ryasobanuwe kandi ryitwa CIELab mu 1976.
  
  Ubwoko bwa RGB nuburyo bwo kongeramo ibara rya ecran ya ecran, naho CMYK nuburyo ni ibara ryerekana gucapa uburyo bwo gukuramo. Uburyo bwa Laboratwari ntabwo bushingiye kumucyo cyangwa pigment. Nuburyo bwamabara bugenwa numuryango wa CIE, mubyukuri harimo amabara yose ashobora kubonwa namaso yabantu. Uburyo bwa laboratoire bugaragaza ibitagenda neza bya RGB na CMYK
  
  Ibara rya laboratoire ryerekanwa nikintu kimwe kimurika L nibice bibiri byamabara a na b. Agaciro kangana na L ni 0-100, ibice bigize impinduka zerekana impinduka kuva icyatsi kibisi gitukura, mugihe ibice b byerekana impinduka zerekanwa kuva mubururu kugera kumuhondo, naho agaciro kangana na a na b ni -120 ~ 120.
  
  五、 CIE1976 Laboratwari ya chromaticity umwanya hamwe namabara atandukanye
  
  Ururimi rwitumanaho
  
  1) Ururimi rwitumanaho iyo hue ihinduka: ururimi rwitumanaho: umutuku, umuhondo, icyatsi, ubururu, umutuku muke, umuhondo muke nibindi
  
  2 language Ururimi rwitumanaho iyo urumuri ruhindutse: Umucyo ahanini ukoresha urumuri cyangwa umwijima kugirango usobanure itandukaniro riri hagati yabo;
  
  3 language Ururimi rwitumanaho iyo kwiyuzuzamo guhinduka: Kwiyuzuzamo gusobanurwa nimbaraga cyangwa intege nke;
  
  Mod Module
  - Kwitegereza geometrie
  Inguni zitandukanye zo kugenzura indorerezi nazo zigira ingaruka ku itandukaniro ryibara ryibicuruzwa. Rimwe na rimwe, kugirango tugere ku masezerano n'umukiriya, birakenewe kwitegereza ikintu uhereye kumpande imwe. ASTM (Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho) D1729-89 irasaba 0/45 kumurika no kureba. Uburyo bwo kwitegereza bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo gikurikira:
  
  Ibimurika bisanzwe
  - Illuminants isanzwe yerekeza kumasoko yumucyo wigana urumuri rutandukanye rwibidukikije, kugirango uruganda rukora cyangwa laboratoire rushobore kubona ingaruka zumucyo ahanini zihuza nisoko ryumucyo muribi bidukikije bitari kurubuga. Ubusanzwe Illuminants yashyizwe mubisanduku bisanzwe bya Illuminants hamwe nigikoresho cyo gupima amabara. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kugirango hamenyekane itandukaniro ryibara ryibintu, bigomba kubahiriza igipimo cya CIE cyumuryango mpuzamahanga urumuri.
  - Urukuta rwimbere rwibisanduku bya Illuminants bifite ingaruka zikomeye kuri Illuminants isanzwe. Igomba kuba isanzwe yijimye yijimye yijimye kugirango irebe ko itatewe numucyo ugaragara wibidukikije.
  Ibisanzwe bisanzwe bimurika
  
  Ikigereranyo cyizuba cyubururu cyizuba - D65 isoko yumucyo, ubushyuhe bwamabara (CT): 6500K
  
  Urumuri rwububiko rwiburayi rwigana - TL84 isoko yumucyo, ubushyuhe bwamabara (CT): 4000K
  
  Itara ryububiko bwabanyamerika ryigana - CWF yumucyo, ubushyuhe bwamabara (CT): 4100K
  
  Gereranya ibara risusurutsa ryumuryango cyangwa hoteri - F itanga urumuri, ubushyuhe bwamabara (CT): 2700k
  
  Form Kubara formulaire ya chromatic aberration
  - + L yaka - L umwijima
  - + umutuku - icyatsi
  - + b umuhondo - b ubururu
  - △ E (aberration yose ya chromatic) = √ (△ a)²+ (△ b)²+ (△ L)²
  - △ a (chromatic aberration) = a2-a1
  - △ b (aberration ya chromatic) = b2-b1
  - △L (aberration yoroheje) = L2-L1
  Gukoresha formulaire ya chromatic aberration
  - Ibipimo bibiri by'ingenzi:
  1. Guhuriza hamwe ni ngombwa cyane.
  
  2. Urutonde rwumubare wateganijwe rugomba kuba rushobora kwemeza ko itandukaniro ryibonekeje.
  - Ubworoherane bwa △ E murwego rwinganda
  0 - 0.25: nto cyane cyangwa ntayo; Guhuza neza
  
  0.25 - 0.5: umunota; Umukino wemewe
  
  0.5 - 1.0: ntoya kugeza hagati; Biremewe mubisabwa bimwe
  
  1.0 - 2.0: hagati; Biremewe mubisabwa byihariye
  
  2.0 - 4.0: biragaragara; Biremewe mubisabwa byihariye
  
  4.0- byinshi: binini cyane; Ntibyemewe mubisabwa byinshi
  
  (Amashusho amwe ava kuri enterineti. Niba hari ihohoterwa, nyamuneka hamagara hanyuma uyisibe ako kanya)

Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-05-2023