Okwangoku, kukho iindidi ezimbini zezivamvo ezisetyenziswa kwizibane: isivamvo se-infrared kunye ne-microwave sensor.
I-electromagnetic spectrum
Zombini imitha ye-infrared kunye ne-microwave ngamaza ombane wombane. Umzobo we-electromagnetic wave we-electromagnetic wave ngokolandelelwano lwe-wavelength okanye frequency kunye namandla iboniswe kulo mzobo ungezantsi:
Isivamvo se-infrared
● Imitha ye-infrared
Ireyi ye-infrared (IR) liza le-electromagnetic wave phakathi kwe-microwave kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ligama eliqhelekileyo lemitha yemitha kunye ne-0.3THz ~ 400THz kwi-spectrum ye-electromagnetic kunye ne-wavelength ye-1mm ~ 750nm kwi-vacuum. Kukukhanya okungabonakaliyo kunye ne-frequency ephantsi kunokukhanya okubomvu.
Imitha ye-infrared inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amathathu: Kufuphi imitha ye-infrared (i-reyidi ye-infrared ephezulu, amandla aphezulu), kunye nobude be-wavelength (3 ~ 2.5) μ m～(1~0.75) μ M; Imitha ye-infrared ephakathi(i-reyi ye-infrared ephakathi, amandla aphakathi), ubude be-wavelength (40 ~ 25) μ m～(3~2.5) μ M; Ireyi ye-infrared ekude (i-ray ye-infrared ephantsi, amandla aphantsi), ubude be-wavelength 1500 μ m～ (40 ~ 25) μ M. Ireyi ye-infrared (ingakumbi imitha ye-infrared ekude) inempembelelo enamandla yokushisa. Iyakwazi ukuhambelana neemolekyuli ezininzi ze-inorganic kunye ne-organic macromolecules kwizinto eziphilayo, isantya sokuhamba kwezi molekyuli kwaye ikhuhlane, ukuze yenze ubushushu. Ke ngoko, imitha ye-infrared ingasetyenziselwa ukufudumeza kunye ne-molecular spectroscopy. Imitha ye-infrared ekude ikwabizwa ngokuba "yi-Terahertz ray" okanye "ukukhanya kweterahertz" kuphando lwezenzululwazi.
Imitha ye-infrared inefuthe lobushushu kwaye inokunxibelelana neeathom ezininzi ukuguqula amandla okukhanya (amandla e-electromagnetic wave) abe ngamandla e-intramolecular (ubushushu). Ubushushu belanga bugqithiselwa emhlabeni ngemitha ye-infrared.
Kwifiziksi, izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-absolute zero (0k, be. - 273.15 ℃) zinokuvelisa imitha ye-infrared (kunye nezinye iindidi zamaza ombane). Ifiziksi yanamhlanje iyibiza ngokuba yi-blackbody radiation (thermal radiation).
I-infrared ray ayikwazi ukudlula kuyo nayiphi na into e-opaque. Nokuba ikhupha imitha ye-infrared ayinanto yakwenza nokuba kukho ubomi. Izinto ezinobude obuhlukeneyo be-infrared zikhupha amaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. Izizathu zezi zilandelayo: isizukulwana semitha ye-infrared
okubangelwa kukushukuma kweemolekyuli kumphezulu wezinto. Izinto ezahlukeneyo zineezandi zokungcangcazelisa kwendalo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke amaza e-infrared ahlukile.
● Ukusetyenziswa kwenzwa ye-infrared kwisibane
I-sensor ye-infrared kwisibane iqulethwe yi-infrared ray ye-circuit circuit, i-infrared ray processing circuit circuit, i-signal output control control circuit circuit kunye ne-power supply circuit.
Inzwa ye-infrared yimveliso yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ngokusekelwe kwitekhnoloji ye-infrared. Xa umzimba womntu ungena kuluhlu lokuva, inzwa ekhethekileyo ibona utshintsho lwe-infrared spectrum yomzimba womntu kwaye iya kuvula umthwalo ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngokubanzi, i-infrared sensor source yemveliso yokukhanyisa ihlala ithatha i-pyroelectric component. Xa ubushushu bemitha ye-infrared bomzimba womntu buguquka, eli candelo liya kuphulukana nebhalansi yentlawulo kwaye likhulule intlawulo ngaphandle. Emva kokuba isiphaluka esilandelayo sifunyenwe kwaye siqhutywe, sinokuqalisa isenzo sokutshintsha. Umzimba womntu unobushushu bomzimba obungaguqukiyo, ngokubanzi kwi-37 degrees, ngoko ke uya kukhupha imitha ye-infrared enobude obuthile obumalunga ne-10um. Iprobe ye-infrared esebenzayo isebenza ngokujonga imitha ye-infrared ekhutshwa ngumzimba womntu. Malunga ne-10um imitha ye-infrared ekhutshwa ngumzimba womntu igxile kumthombo wemvakalelo ye-infrared emva kokuphucula ilensi yeFresnel.
Ukutshintsha kwe-infrared sensor yenzelwe ngokukodwa umzimba womntu, onobuhlobo, ofanelekileyo, okhuselekileyo kunye nowonga amandla, kwaye ubonisa ukhathalelo lomntu. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lokufumanisa luncinci kunolo lwenzwa ye-microwave. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuphakama kukhawulelwe, kwaye isantya sokuphendula isenzo sicotha kuneso senzwa ye-microwave.
Isivamvo seMicrowave
●Imicrowave
I-Microwave ibhekisa kumaza e-electromagnetic kunye nobuninzi be-300MHz-300GHz. Sisishunqulelo sebhendi yefrikhwensi elinganiselweyo kumaza kanomathotholo, oko kukuthi, i-electromagnetic wave enobude obuphakathi kwe-1m (ngaphandle kwe-1m) kunye ne-1mm. Ligama eliqhelekileyo le-decimeter wave, i-centimeter wave, i-millimeter wave kunye ne-submillimeter wave, eyeyokukhanya okungabonakaliyo. I-microwave frequency iphezulu kune-frequency wave radio wave, edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "UHF electromagnetic wave". Njengomaza ombane we-electromagnetic, i-microwave ikwanayo nesuntswana lamaza.
Ubumbini besuntswana lamaza buthetha ukuba ineempawu zamaza kunye neempawu zamasuntswana. Inokuhamba ibheka phambili njengeliza kwaye ibonise iimpawu zamasuntswana. Ke ngoko, siyibiza ngokuba "ngamaza amasuntswana amabini".
Iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-microwave zihlala zibonisa iimpawu ezintathu: ukungena, ukubonakalisa kunye nokufunxa. Kwiglasi, iplastiki kunye neporcelain, ii-microwaves ziphantse zidlule ngaphandle kokufunxwa. Amanzi kunye nokutya, iyakufunxa ii-microwaves kwaye izenze shushu. Kwizinto zetsimbi, ziya kubonakalisa ii-microwaves.
Izinga lokungena kwi-microwave yeglasi, iplastiki, iplanga kunye neporcelain inokuqondwa njengento enye. Ithiyori ye-2450MHz yokungena kweMicrowave imalunga ne-6cm. I-915MHz yi-8cm. Ixesha lokungena alinakwa.
● Ukusetyenziswa kwenzwa ye-microwave kwisibane
Inzwa ye-microwave isebenzisa umgaqo we-Doppler ukuhambisa kunye nokufumana imiqondiso ye-microwave ephezulu-frequency (ukubona ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho lwentshukumo yezinto), kwaye ilawula ukucinywa kunye nokucima izibane zomthwalo ngokwandisa umqondiso kunye nokuchongwa okuhlakaniphile kweprogram ye-single-chip microcomputer.
Amandla e-Microwave adla ngokufunyanwa yi-DC okanye i-50Hz AC ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezixhobo ezinokuvelisa i-microwave, kodwa zahlulahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziindidi ezimbini: izixhobo zesemiconductor kunye nezixhobo zokucoca zombane.
Umlawuli woluvo lwe-microwave usebenzisa i-eriyali ye-micro-ring enobubanzi obuthile bokubona i-microwave. I-eriyali yenza i-elliptical radius (enokulungiswa) indawo yesilumkiso ye-microwave yendawo kwicala le-axis. Xa umzimba womntu uhamba, i-echo ebonakaliswe yiyo iphazamisa indawo yokuqala ye-microwave (okanye i-frequency) ethunyelwe ngumlawuli we-sensor ye-microwave kunye notshintsho. Isibane se-infrared sensor sidibene ne-infrared transmitting diode kunye ne-diode yokufumana. Emva kokufunyanwa, ukukhulisa, ukubunjwa, ukuthelekiswa okuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokulibaziseka kokucubungula, i-wire emhlophe ikhupha isignali yokulawula umbane.
Ngenxa yeempawu ze-microwave, inelahleko enkulu yokusasaza emoyeni kunye nomgama omfutshane wokuhambisa, kodwa inokuhamba kakuhle kunye ne-bandwidth enkulu yokusebenza. Ukongeza kwitekhnoloji ye-millimeter wave esetyenziswa kunxibelelwano lwe-5G yeselula, ukuhanjiswa kwe-microwave kuninzi kwi-metal waveguide kunye ne-dielectric waveguide. Inzwa yeMicrowave inokubona izinto eziguquguqukayo kwaye inommandla obanzi wosetyenziso.
Okwangoku, ukongeza kweminye imithetho eyimfuneko njenge: imimiselo yokhuseleko, i-EMC, imigangatho yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, njl. njl., akukho migangatho enyanzelekileyo yereferensi yemisebenzi yenzwa, ngakumbi umgama wokuva kunye nexesha lokubonisa, elibhekiselele kwimigangatho jikelele yoshishino. , okanye bagwetywe ukuba bayahlangabezana neemfuno ngokwemigangatho ekuvunyelwene ngayo phakathi komthengi kunye nomvelisi kunye namava omsebenzisi.
Zonke iimveliso zokukhanyisa zeWellway zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokweemfuno zabathengi. Iimveliso ezivuthiweyo ziquka isibane sobungqina bemozulu ye-LED kunye ne-sensor, isibane se-LED sobungqina bothuli kunye ne-sensor, isibane sesilingi se-LED kunye ne-sensor kunye nokunye. Okwangoku, imowudi yoluvo lwe-microwave yamkelwa kuzo zonke iimveliso ezininzi. I-Wellyway inelabhoratri ekhethekileyo yokuvavanya ubuntununtunu kunye nomgama weenzwa ze-microwave ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokuzinza komgangatho wemveliso. Samkela ngokunyanisekileyo abathengi ukuba bandwendwele, bacebise umzi-mveliso wethu kwaye basebenzisane nathi.
(Eminye imifanekiso iphuma kwi-Intanethi. Ukuba kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho, nceda uqhagamshelane kwaye ulucime ngoko nangoko)
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-22-2022