Ulwazi olusisiseko lwechromatics-1

一、 Yintoni umbala

Ngokwembono yefiziksi, umbala sisiphumo sombono wenkqubo yokubonwa komntu yokukhanya okubonakalayo. Umbala oqondwayo umiselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwamaza okukhanya. Amaza okukhanya yimitha ye-electromagnetic enoluhlu oluthile lwamaza. Ubude obunokubonwa ngamehlo abantu buphakathi kwama-380 ~ 780nm.

Umbala kwintsimi yefiziksi udla ngokuchazwa bubude bokukhanya, kwaye umbala ochaziweyo ubizwa ngokuba ngumbala weSpectral.

Kukho izinto ezintathu ezinokuchaphazela imbono yombala:

1. Umthombo wokukhanya; 2 Izinto eziza kubonwa;3 Umbonisi (umntu)

Umbono wombala

• Amandla akhazimlayo omthombo wokukhanya kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezinto zezodidi lwefiziksi, ngelixa ingqondo kunye namehlo ziqulethwe kuphando lwezendalo, kodwa umbala uhlala usekelwe kwifiziksi, kwaye umbono wombala uhlala uqulathe ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo kunye nomzimba. iziphumo zombala, okwenza abantu babe nothotho lokuthelekisa kunye noMbutho.
• I-American Committee on chromaticity ichaza umbala njenge: umbala luphawu lokukhanya ngaphandle kwe-spatial and temporal heterogeneity, oko kukuthi, ukukhanya kwemitha kunokuvuselela i-retina kwaye kubangele indawo efunyenwe ngumbonisi ngombono.

二、 Intshayelelo kwinkqubo yombala yeCIE

Iintlanganiso ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zeCIE

• INkomfa yaseCambridge ngowe-1931
  • Izizathu zenkomfa:
    • Imodeli ye-RGB yamkela imibala emithathu esisiseko enentsingiselo ecacileyo yomzimba, kodwa yimodeli yombala enxulumene nesixhobo (isixhobo ngasinye sineenkcazo ezahlukeneyo xa sisebenzisa imodeli yeRGB, engeyiyo yonke indawo)
    • • Ngokusekelwe kwimodeli ye-RGB, izazinzulu ze-CIE zizama ukusebenzisa iindlela zemathematika ukufumanisa imibala emithathu ephambili yethiyori ukusuka kwimibala yokwenyani yaseprayimari, kunye nokudala inkqubo entsha yombala, ukuze i-pigment, idayi kunye noshishino loshicilelo lukwazi ukwenza ngokucacileyo umbala weemveliso.
    • Impumelelo yenkomfa:
      • Umkhangeli osemgangathweni (impendulo yamehlo omntu oqhelekileyo kumbala) ichazwa. Umgangatho wamkela imibala emithathu yentelekelelo yokuqala ka-X, y kunye no-Z
      • Ichaza izikhanyisi eziMgangatho (ulwazi lomthombo wokukhanya olusetyenziselwa ukuthelekisa imibala)
      • I-CIE XYZ inkqubo yombala ephambili (inkqubo yombala ephambili yentelekelelo enxulumene ne-RGB) ichaziwe
      • Isithuba sombala we-CIE xyY sichaziwe (isithuba sombala esithathwe kwi-XYZ, esahlula u-x kunye no-y ezinxulumene neempawu zombala ukusuka ekukhanyeni okungu-Y okuhambelana nokukhanya)
      • Umzobo we-CIE chromaticity uchaziwe, okulula ukubona ubudlelwane phakathi kwemibala
• Inkomfa ngowe-1931
  • Izizathu zenkomfa:
    • • Ukukhanya kunye ne-chromaticity esetyenziswe kwi-CIE 1931 ayikwazi ukucacisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokuvuselela ngokomzimba kunye nombono wombala.
    • Umgama phakathi kwenkqubo ye-XYZ kunye nemibala emibini emelwe kwidayagram yechromaticity ayihambelani notshintsho olubonwayo lombonisi wombala. Le ngxaki ibizwa ngokuba yingxaki yokuqonda okufanayo, oko kukuthi, umahluko phakathi kwexabiso eliphakathi kumahluko wombala awuhambelani nombono obonakalayo.
    • Ukusombulula ingxaki yombono wokuhambelana kwendawo yombala.
    • Impumelelo yenkomfa:
      • • Izithuba ezinemibala ezibini zichaziwe: I-CIELUV (yokuzikhanyisela) kunye neCIELAB (yokungazikhanyiseli).