Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinzwa ezisetshenziswa kumalambu: inzwa ye-infrared ne-microwave sensor.
I-electromagnetic spectrum
Kokubili i-infrared ray kanye ne-microwave kungokwamagagasi kagesi. I-spectrum ye-electromagnetic wave ye-electromagnetic wave ihlelwe ngokulandelana kwe-wavelength noma imvamisa namandla iboniswa emfanekisweni ongezansi:
Inzwa ye-infrared
● Umsebe we-infrared
I-infrared ray (IR) iyigagasi kagesi elinefrikhwensi phakathi kwe-microwave nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Yigama elijwayelekile lemisebe enemvamisa engu-0.3THz ~ 400THz ku-spectrum kagesi kanye nobude begagasi obungu-1mm ~ 750nm ku-vacuum. Iwukukhanya okungabonakali okunemvamisa ephansi kunokukhanya okubomvu.
Umsebe we-infrared ungahlukaniswa ube izingxenye ezintathu: I-infrared ray eseduze (i-infrared ray ephezulu, amandla aphezulu), kanye nobude begagasi (3 ~ 2.5) μ m～(1~0.75) μ M; Umsebe we-infrared omaphakathi(umsebe we-infrared ophakathi, amandla amaphakathi), ubude beza (40 ~ 25) μ m～(3~2.5) μ M; Ireyi ye-infrared ekude (umsebe we-infrared ovamile ophansi, amandla aphansi), ubude begagasi 1500 μ m～(40~25) μ M. Umsebe we-infrared (ikakhulukazi Umsebe we-infrared Okude) unomphumela oqinile wokushisa. Ingakwazi ukuhambisana nama-molecule ezinto ezingaphili kanye nama-macromolecule ephilayo ezintweni eziphilayo, isheshise ukunyakaza kwala ma-molecule futhi ikhuhlane, ukuze ikhiqize ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, imisebe ye-infrared ingasetshenziselwa ukushisa kanye ne-spectroscopy yamangqamuzana. I-infrared ray ekude ibizwa nangokuthi "i-Terahertz ray" noma "ukukhanya kwe-terahertz" ocwaningweni lwesayensi.
Umsebe we-infrared unomphumela oshisayo futhi ungahambisana nama-molecule amaningi ukuguqula amandla okukhanya (amandla egagasi logesi) abe amandla e-intramolecular (ukushisa). Ukushisa kwelanga ngokuyinhloko kudluliselwa emhlabeni ngemisebe ye-infrared.
Ku-physics, izinto ezingaphezu kukaziro ophelele (0k, be. - 273.15 ℃) zingakhiqiza imisebe ye-infrared (nezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi kagesi). I-physics yesimanje iwubiza ngokuthi ama-blackbody radiation (thermal radiation).
Umsebe we-infrared awukwazi ukudlula kunoma iyiphi into e-opaque. Ukuthi ikhipha imisebe ye-infrared akuhlangene nokuthi kukhona ukuphila. Izinto ezinobude obuhlukene be-infrared wavelength zikhipha amazinga okushisa ahlukene. Izizathu zimi kanje: ukukhiqizwa kwemisebe ye-infrared kuyinto
okubangelwa ukundindizela kwama-molecule ebusweni bezinto. Izinto ezihlukene zinamaza okudlidliza emvelo ahlukene, ngakho-ke amaza amaza e-infrared ahlukile.
● Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-infrared kusibani
Inzwa ye-infrared esibani yakhiwe isekethe yokuthola i-infrared ray, isifunda sokucubungula isignali ye-infrared ray, isifunda sokushintsha okukhipha isignali kanye nesifunda sokuphakelwa kwamandla.
Inzwa ye-infrared iwumkhiqizo wokulawula okuzenzakalelayo osuselwe kubuchwepheshe be-infrared. Lapho umzimba womuntu ungena ebangeni lokuzwa, inzwa ekhethekile ithola ushintsho lwe-infrared spectrum yomzimba womuntu futhi izovula ngokuzenzakalelayo umthwalo.
Ngokuvamile, umthombo wenzwa ye-infrared wemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ngokuvamile usebenzisa ingxenye ye-pyroelectric. Lapho izinga lokushisa lemisebe ye-infrared yomzimba womuntu lishintsha, le ngxenye izolahlekelwa ibhalansi yokushaja futhi ikhiphe inkokhiso iphumele ngaphandle. Ngemuva kokuthi isifunda esilandelayo sitholiwe futhi sicutshungulwe, singaqalisa isenzo sokushintsha. Umzimba womuntu unokushisa komzimba okungaguquki, ngokuvamile ku-37 degrees, ngakho-ke uzokhipha imisebe ye-infrared enobude obuthile obungaba ngu-10um. I-passive infrared probe isebenza ngokuthola imisebe ye-infrared ekhishwa umzimba womuntu. Cishe i-10um infrared ray ekhishwa umzimba womuntu igxile emthonjeni wezinzwa we-infrared ngemva kokuthuthukiswa ngelensi yeFresnel.
Iswishi ye-infrared sensor yakhelwe ngokukhethekile umzimba womuntu, onobungani, elula, ephephile futhi ewonga amandla, futhi ekhombisa ukunakekelwa komuntu. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi bokutholwa buncane kunenzwa ye-microwave. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphakama kunqunyelwe, futhi isivinini sokuphendula isenzo sihamba kancane kunesenzwa ye-microwave.
Inzwa ye-microwave
●I-Microwave
I-Microwave ibhekisela kumagagasi kagesi anemvamisa engu-300MHz-300GHz. Isifinyezo sebhendi yefrikhwensi elinganiselwe kugagasi lomsakazo, okungukuthi, igagasi kazibuthe elinobude obuphakathi kuka-1m (ngaphandle kuka-1m) no-1mm. Yigama elijwayelekile lamagagasi e-decimeter, i-centimeter wave, i-millimeter wave kanye ne-submillimeter wave, okungelokukhanya okungabonakali. Ifrikhwensi ye-microwave iphakeme kunemvamisa yegagasi lomsakazo elivamile, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-UHF electromagnetic wave". Njengegagasi le-electromagnetic, i-microwave nayo inobubili bezinhlayiyana zamagagasi.
Ukubili kwezinhlayiyana zamagagasi kusho ukuthi inazo zombili izici zamagagasi nezici zezinhlayiyana. Ingakwazi ukuya phambili njengegagasi futhi ibonise izici zezinhlayiya. Ngakho-ke, sikubiza ngokuthi "i-wave particle duality".
Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ze-microwave ngokuvamile zibonisa izici ezintathu: ukungena, ukuboniswa kanye nokumuncwa. Ngengilazi, ipulasitiki kanye ne-porcelain, ama-microwave acishe adlule ngaphandle kokumuncwa. Ngamanzi nokudla, izomunca ama-microwave futhi izishise. Ezintweni zensimbi, zizobonisa ama-microwave.
Izinga lokungena kwe-microwave yengilazi, ipulasitiki, izinkuni kanye ne-porcelain ingaqondwa njengento efanayo. Ithiyori yokungena kweMicrowave engu-2450MHz imayelana no-6cm. I-915MHz ingu-8cm. Isikhathi sokungena asibalulekile.
●Ukusetshenziswa kwenzwa ye-microwave esibanini
Inzwa ye-microwave isebenzisa isimiso se-Doppler ukuze idlulise futhi yamukele amasiginali e-microwave enziwe imvamisa ephezulu (ukubona ngokunembile ukunyakaza kwezinto), futhi ilawula ukukhanyisa nokuvala amalambu okulayisha ngokukhulisa isignali nokuhlonza okuhlakaniphile kohlelo lwe-single-chip microcomputer.
Amandla e-Microwave ngokuvamile atholwa yi-DC noma i-50Hz AC ngedivayisi ekhethekile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemishini engakhiqiza i-microwave, kodwa ihlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: amadivaysi e-semiconductor kanye namadivaysi kagesi e-vacuum.
Isilawuli senzwa ye-microwave sisebenzisa i-micro-ring antenna enobubanzi obuthile ukuze kutholwe i-microwave. I-antenna ikhiqiza i-elliptical radius (eguquguqukayo) indawo yesexwayiso ye-microwave yendawo ohlangothini lwe-eksisi. Lapho umzimba womuntu unyakaza, i-echo ebonakala ngawo iphazamisa inkambu yokuqala ye-microwave (noma imvamisa) ethunyelwa isilawuli senzwa ye-microwave kanye nezinguquko. Isibani senzwa ye-infrared sibhangqwe ne-infrared transmitting diode kanye ne-diode eyamukelayo. Ngemva kokutholwa, ukukhulisa, ukubunjwa, ukuqhathanisa okuningi nokubambezeleka kokucubungula, intambo emhlophe ikhipha isignali yokulawula i-voltage.
Ngenxa yezici ze-microwave, inokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokusakazwa emoyeni kanye nebanga elifushane lokudlulisela, kodwa inokuhamba okuhle kanye nomkhawulokudonsa omkhulu wokusebenza. Ngokungeziwe kubuchwepheshe be-millimeter wave obusetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kweselula kwe-5G, ukuhanjiswa kwe-microwave ikakhulukazi ku-waveguide yensimbi kanye ne-dielectric waveguide. Inzwa ye-Microwave ingakwazi ukubona izinto eziguqukayo futhi inendawo ebanzi yohlelo lokusebenza.
Njengamanje, ngaphezu kwemithetho ethile edingekayo njengokuthi: imithetho yokuphepha, i-EMC, izindinganiso zokuvikela imvelo, njll., awekho amazinga ayimpoqo okubhekisela emisebenzi yezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ibanga lokuzwa nesikhathi sokubonisa, okubhekisela kumazinga ajwayelekile embonini. , noma bahlulele ukuthi bayahlangabezana yini nezidingo ngokuya ngamazinga okuvunyelwene ngawo phakathi kwekhasimende nomkhiqizi nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Yonke imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa ye-Wellway ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamakhasimende. Imikhiqizo evuthiwe ihlanganisa ilambu le-LED elivikela isimo sezulu elinenzwa, ilambu le-LED elivikela uthuli elinenzwa, ilambu lophahla lwe-LED elinenzwa nokunye. Njengamanje, imodi yenzwa ye-microwave yamukelwa kuyo yonke imikhiqizo eminingi. I-Wellyway inelabhorethri ekhethekile yokuhlola ukuzwela nebanga lezinzwa ze-microwave ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Samukela ngobuqotho amakhasimende ukuthi avakashele, eluleka imboni yethu futhi abambisane nathi.
(Ezinye izithombe ziphuma ku-inthanethi. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa komthetho, sicela uthinte futhi ukususe ngokushesha)
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2022