Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwe-chromatics-1

一、 Uyini umbala

Ngokombono wefiziksi, umbala uwumphumela wombono womuntu wokukhanya okubonakalayo. Umbala obonakalayo unqunywa imvamisa yegagasi lokukhanya. Igagasi elikhanyayo imisebe ye-electromagnetic enebanga elithile lefrikhwensi. Ubude obungabonwa amehlo abantu buphakathi kuka-380 ~ 780nm.

Umbala emkhakheni wefiziksi ngokuvamile uchazwa ubude begagasi bokukhanya, futhi umbala ochaziwe ubizwa ngokuthi umbala weSpectral.

Kunezici ezintathu ezingathinta umbono wombala:

1. Umthombo wokukhanya;2 Izinto ezizobonwa;3 Observer (umuntu)

Ukubona umbala

• Amandla akhazimulayo omthombo wokukhanya kanye nokuvezwa kwezinto kungokwesigaba se-physics, kuyilapho ubuchopho namehlo kungukuqukethwe kocwaningo lwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, kodwa umbala uhlale usekelwe ku-physics, futhi ukubona kombala kuhlale kuqukethe ukubonakaliswa kwengqondo kanye ne-physiological. imiphumela yombala, okwenza abantu babe nochungechunge lokuqhathanisa kanye neNhlangano.
• I-American Committee on chromaticity ichaza umbala ngokuthi: umbala uyisici sokukhanya ngaphandle kwe-heterogeneity yendawo neyesikhashana, okungukuthi, imisebe yokukhanya ingashukumisa i-retina futhi ibangele indawo etholwe mbukisi ngombono.

二、 Isingeniso sesistimu yombala ye-CIE

Imihlangano emibili ebalulekile ye-CIE

• I-Cambridge Conference ngo-1931
  • Izizathu zenkomfa:
    • Imodeli ye-RGB ithatha imibala emithathu eyinhloko engokoqobo enencazelo ecacile yomzimba, kodwa iyimodeli yombala ehlobene nedivayisi (idivayisi ngayinye inezincazelo ezihlukile lapho isebenzisa imodeli ye-RGB, engeyona yonke indawo)
    • • Ngokusekelwe kumodeli ye-RGB, ososayensi be-CIE bazama ukusebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukuthola imibala emithathu eyisisekelo yethiyori enemibala eyinhloko yangempela, futhi bakhe isistimu yombala entsha, ukuze imboni ye-pigment, udayi nokunyathelisa ikwazi ukwenza ngokucacile umbala wemikhiqizo.
    • Impumelelo yenkomfa:
      • Isibukeli esijwayelekile (impendulo yamehlo omuntu ajwayelekile embala) sichazwa. Izinga lithatha imibala emithathu eyinhloko ecatshangwayo engu-X, y kanye no-Z
      • Ichaza Izikhanyisi Ezijwayelekile (incazelo yomthombo wokukhanya esetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa imibala)
      • Isistimu yombala eyinhloko ye-CIE XYZ (isistimu yombala eyinhloko ecatshangelwayo ehlobene ne-RGB) iyachazwa
      • I-CIE xyY isikhala sombala siyachazwa (isikhala sombala esithathwe ku-XYZ, esihlukanisa u-x kanye no-y ohlobene nezibaluli zombala ekukhanyeni okungu-Y okuhlobene nokukhanya)
      • Umdwebo we-CIE chromaticity uchaziwe, okulula ukubona ubudlelwano phakathi kwemibala
• Ingqungquthela ngo-1931
  • Izizathu zenkomfa:
    • • Ukukhanya kanye ne-chromaticity okusetshenziswe ku-CIE 1931 akukwazi ukuchaza ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhuthazwa komzimba nokubonwa kombala.
    • Ibanga phakathi kwesistimu ye-XYZ nemibala emibili emelwe kumdwebo we-chromaticity alihambisani noshintsho olucatshangwayo lwesibukeli sombala. Le nkinga ibizwa ngokuthi inkinga yombono ofanayo, okusho ukuthi, umehluko phakathi kwevelu ephakathi kumehluko wombala awuhambisani nombono obonakalayo.
    • Ukuxazulula inkinga yokungaguquguquki kokubona kwesikhala sombala.
    • Impumelelo yenkomfa:
      • • Imibala emibili icacisiwe: I-CIELUV (yokuzikhanyisela) kanye ne-CIELAB (yokungazikhanyiseli).